1. What is Degenerative Disc Disease?

Degenerative disc disease is a condition resulting from the structural deterioration of the discs in the spine. Discs are gel-like structures that act as cushions between the vertebrae and provide flexibility to the spine. Due to aging, repetitive movements, and stress on the spine, the water content in the discs decreases, causing them to lose elasticity and thin out. This can lead to narrowing of the spaces between the vertebrae, pressure on nerve roots, and various types of pain. Degenerative disc disease typically occurs in individuals aged 30-50 but can affect people of all ages. If left untreated, the pain can become chronic and significantly reduce quality of life.

2. What are the Causes of Degenerative Disc Disease?

The primary causes of degenerative disc disease include:

• Aging: The water content in the discs decreases with age, reducing their elasticity.
• Repetitive Movements and Strain: Heavy lifting, bending, and twisting movements can wear out the discs.
• Trauma: Accidents, falls, or sudden movements can damage the discs.
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history of degenerative disc disease increases the likelihood of developing it.
• Postural Issues: Prolonged desk work or improper sitting positions can lead to excessive stress on the discs.

3. What are the Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease?

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease vary depending on which part of the spine is affected. The most common symptoms include:

• Lower Back and Neck Pain: Pain may worsen after prolonged sitting or standing.
• Numbness and Tingling in Arms or Legs: Pressure on nerve roots can cause numbness and tingling sensations.
• Muscle Weakness: Compression of nerve roots may lead to muscle weakness.
• Restricted Movement: Damaged discs can limit spinal mobility.
• Postural Problems: Deterioration of the discs can cause the vertebrae to come closer, leading to posture issues.

4. How is Degenerative Disc Disease Diagnosed?

Diagnosis starts with a physical examination and medical history. After evaluating the symptoms, the following methods may be used:

• Imaging Techniques: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT (Computed Tomography) scans are used to assess the structure of the discs.
• Physical Examination: The patient's range of motion, muscle strength, and reflexes are checked.
• Neurological Tests: These evaluate whether there is compression of the nerve roots.

5. Treatment Methods for Degenerative Disc Disease

Treatment is determined based on the patient’s age, the severity of the pain, and the extent of disc damage. Non-surgical treatments are typically preferred. The most common treatment methods include:

5.1. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Physical therapy is the most commonly used method for disc disease and includes:

• Manual Therapy: Hands-on pressure and mobilization techniques help reduce nerve root compression.
• Exercise Programs: Specialized exercises strengthen the muscles around the back, neck, and spine.
• Postural Training: Correcting improper sitting or standing habits reduces stress on the discs.
• Electrotherapy: Low-frequency electrical currents are used to reduce pain and stimulate nerves.

5.2. Medication Therapy

• Pain Relievers: NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are commonly used to relieve pain.
• Muscle Relaxants: These can be prescribed to alleviate muscle spasms.

5.3. Invasive Interventions

• Epidural Steroid Injections: Steroids injected around the nerve root reduce pain.
• Facet Joint Injections: These injections reduce inflammation and pain in the spinal joints.

5.4. Surgical Treatment

Surgical methods are considered only when other treatments fail.

• Discectomy: Partial or complete removal of the damaged disc.
• Spinal Fusion: Vertebrae are fused together to stabilize the spine.
• Artificial Disc Replacement: The damaged disc is replaced with an artificial one.

6. How Much Does Treatment Cost?

The cost of treatment for degenerative disc disease varies depending on the chosen treatment method, the quality of the clinic, and the practitioner’s expertise.

• Physical Therapy Sessions: Range from 2,000 to 5,000 TL per session.
• Manual Therapy: Costs between 2,000 and 5,000 TL per session.
• Surgical Procedures: Surgical treatments are much more expensive and depend on insurance coverage.

Some clinics charge 2,000 TL per session, while others may charge up to 5,000 TL. Costs are clarified after the treatment plan and patient needs are determined.

7. Why Choose Physical Therapy for Degenerative Disc Disease?

• Avoid Surgery: Physical therapy manages pain without the need for surgical intervention.
• Improves Muscle Strength and Balance: Treatment strengthens muscles and enhances body balance.
• Enhances Quality of Life: It provides pain-free living, helping patients return to work and social life more easily.

8. Why Choose Us for Degenerative Disc Disease Treatment in Istanbul?

Many physiotherapy centers in Istanbul use modern techniques and experienced physiotherapists to treat degenerative disc disease. As Primer Physiotherapy Center, our centrally located clinic in Istanbul offers expert services in manual therapy, spinal mobilization, and pain management.

9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

• Can physical therapy completely heal the disc?
  No, but it can control pain and improve quality of life.

• How long will I need treatment?
  The duration of treatment depends on the patient’s condition. On average, it lasts 6-12 weeks.

• Will I feel pain during treatment?
  Mild discomfort may occur during the first sessions, but it is temporary.